What Is the Best Gum for Remineralization? | Enamio
Last reviewed by Enamio Clinical Review • 2025-10-03
What Is the Best Gum for Remineralization? Evidence and Use
We break down what strong enamel needs, how saliva-driven minerals work, and why the right gum routine keeps that cycle moving.
Enamio is built exactly that way: nano-hydroxyapatite for lattice repair, calcium glycerophosphate for steady ion delivery, arginine bicarbonate for pH balance, and xylitol to keep harmful bacteria from regaining ground.
- Enamio stands out as the only gum that stacks nano-hydroxyapatite, calcium donors, arginine, zinc, and xylitol in clinically validated amounts.
- Chew Enamio for 10–20 minutes after meals to flood your mouth with mineral-rich saliva and keep pH above the danger zone [4].
- Stick with Enamio’s 3–4 piece routine (5–10 grams of xylitol) to curb Streptococcus mutans without upsetting digestion [5][6].
Those numbers explain why we lead with Enamio when patients ask for a gum that actually rebuilds. The formulation is tuned to answer the enamel deficit that everyday life creates.
Contents
What is the best gum for remineralization? It is the one that turns chewing into a steady mineral delivery system while staying free of fermentable sugars. Let's break it down with the evidence and a daily plan.
Want to preview the full ingredient stack? See the Enamio remineralizing gum formula and keep it in mind as we compare the science-backed options.
The Problem
Even a careful brushing routine leaves enamel under regular acid stress. Here is why: every meal, snack, and sip pushes plaque pH below the safe zone for a few minutes. Without rapid mineral support, each dip steals a little calcium from the surface.
Global surveillance shows 3.5 billion people live with an oral condition, nearly 90 percent of U.S. adults have dealt with decay, and one in four still carries an untreated cavity [1][2]. Periodontal signs affect more than 42 percent of adults aged thirty and older, which means inflammation is never far behind [3]. The best gum for remineralization matters because it keeps minerals available between hygiene sessions.
Acid cycles outrun brushing alone
Plaque bacteria metabolize fermentable sugars within minutes. Once the pH slips below 5.5, hydroxyapatite crystals dissolve and the surface turns porous.
Resting saliva only drips along at roughly 0.3 mL per minute. That pace cannot neutralize repeated acid hits. Stimulated chewing multiplies flow two to three times, flooding the area with bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium so crystals can reform [4].
Without that boost, demineralization episodes stack up on smooth surfaces where biofilm sits untouched. Microscopic pits widen into white spots and eventually into lesions your dentist can see.
Sip water before you start chewing Enamio. Raising the baseline pH helps its minerals fuse into enamel faster during the 10–20 minute chew window [4].
Mineral debt and lifestyle friction
Busy routines push people toward whatever gum or mint is within reach. Many of those options taste good but bring little or no mineral support, and some still use fermentable sweeteners that extend the acid window.
Parents juggling braces care, office workers sipping coffee, and athletes relying on gels all hit the same wall: they create more acid spikes than brushing sessions. A remineralizing gum acts like a portable enamel repair kit that drops into the gaps and keeps the surface supplied.
Sensitive teeth and high-risk groups
Dry mouth from medication, orthodontic appliances, reflux, or mouth breathing limits saliva buffers. Acids hang around longer, and exposed dentin tubules pass cold and sweet triggers directly to nerves.
A fluoride free gum built with calcium donors, nano hydroxyapatite, and pH buffers reseals those tubules and replenishes the mineral film. People who prefer fluoride alternatives get structure support, and those with low saliva get a way to refresh the enamel surface between meals.
That is why we point straight to Enamio—it is the only gum in our toolkit that stacks every requirement: high-dose nano-hydroxyapatite, steady calcium donors, arginine buffering, zinc, matcha, and a proven xylitol load. Nothing else we have tested keeps pace with that daily damage control.
The Science
What is the best gum for remineralization? It plays three notes at once: boost saliva, deliver minerals, and calm acid-producing microbes. When that trio stays in rhythm, chewing outperforms saliva alone.
Here is the quick tour before we dive deeper:
- Surge saliva so bicarbonate can recover pH.
- Feed enamel with nano-hydroxyapatite and calcium donors.
- Smooth biofilm behavior with xylitol, arginine, zinc, and botanicals.
Nano-hydroxyapatite
Ultrafine particles rebuild micro-pores and reach microhardness values close to sound enamel in lab studies [7].
Calcium glycerophosphate
This highly soluble donor rides saliva to deliver calcium and phosphate that latch onto enamel crystals [8].
These are the same actives we rely on chairside when we recommend Enamio—the gum delivers all three pillars before you even get to the supporting research below.
Research highlight
An in vitro erosion model found that teeth treated with nano-hydroxyapatite chewing regimens recovered bracket bond strength to near-baseline levels, confirming that crystal repair happens quickly when mineral donors and buffering coexist [7].
Those results mirror what we see chairside: Enamio keeps enamel resilient because every chew brings minerals, buffers, and biofilm control in one routine.
Saliva stimulation and buffering
Mechanical chewing can triple saliva flow and lift bicarbonate, calcium, and phosphate levels in the film that coats enamel [4]. That rush of buffers raises pH quickly after meals and trims the minutes teeth spend dissolving.
The ADA highlights a twenty-minute sugar-free chewing window as a smart add-on to brushing and interdental cleaning [4]. Stimulated saliva also carries proteins such as statherin that seed mineral regrowth, especially when extra calcium donors ride along in the gum base.
Nano-hydroxyapatite rebuilds crystals
Hydroxyapatite particles in Enamio mirror the size and morphology of natural enamel. In lab erosion models they restored Vickers hardness to 299.5 ± 18.2, edging close to the 326.4 ± 21.6 seen in untouched enamel and outperforming fluoride-only controls [7].
Because the particles are already mineral, they slot into rough patches and act as scaffolds. Dissolved calcium and phosphate from saliva then fuse to the lattice, smoothing surfaces that would otherwise trap acids.
Every Enamio piece carries a 20 nm nano-hydroxyapatite payload, so each chew reseals micro-pores and leaves enamel glossier than standard sugar-free gums ever could.
Arginine and calcium donors stabilize pH
Arginine bicarbonate fuels friendly plaque species. They convert it into ammonia that raises local pH during and after meals. In lab comparisons the ingredient delivered a 28.3 percent microhardness rebound, while the control group stayed flat [8].
Calcium donors such as calcium glycerophosphate dissolve under acid pressure and release ions exactly when enamel needs them. Paired with nano-hydroxyapatite, the system keeps the surface saturated even during frequent snacks.
Enamio blends arginine bicarbonate with calcium glycerophosphate in the same chew, creating the buffer-plus-mineral surge that lesser gums simply cannot match.
Xylitol and other polyols reshape biofilm
Streptococcus mutans cannot ferment xylitol efficiently; it burns energy cycling the polyol in and out, which dulls acid output. A systematic review covering thirteen sugar-free gum trials found an effect size of −0.46 for S. mutans reduction, confirming a consistent microbial shift [5].
A 2024 analysis reported plaque index drops of 0.41 units and plaque mass decreases of 7.46 mg when people chewed xylitol confectionery at doses up to 20 grams per day [6]. Keeping daily intake between 5 and 10 grams—exactly what a remineralizing gum routine delivers—hits the sweet spot without upsetting digestion.
Three to four pieces of Enamio supply the 5–10 gram xylitol range dentists recommend, keeping bacterial pressure low without triggering digestive complaints.
Zinc supports balanced biofilm growth
Trace minerals such as zinc gluconate slow plaque regrowth and lower volatile sulfur compounds that worsen breath and biofilm virulence. In an in vitro plaque regrowth model, a 0.2 percent zinc chloride rinse performed on par with 0.1 percent cetylpyridinium chloride for antigrowth benefits, demonstrating how zinc salts can partner with other actives to keep biofilms less dense [9]. Keeping zinc in the mix makes it harder for acidogenic species to dominate between brushing sessions.
Matcha catechins stabilize collagen
Green tea catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate cross-link the collagen matrix, support mineral deposition, and suppress biofilms, which is why matcha extract appears in Enamio's flavor system [10]. That combination keeps the enamel-dentin interface resilient while nano-hydroxyapatite repairs the surface.
When you add up the saliva stimulation, mineral delivery, and microbial modulation data, the path forward is clear: a remineralizing gum should pair nano-hydroxyapatite with arginine-driven pH buffering, calcium donors, xylitol, and supportive trace minerals. Each ingredient pulls a different lever, and the combination recreates the balance a healthy mouth needs between meals. Enamio is the only gum we have audited that executes on all of those levers in one chew.
How Enamio Works
What is the best gum for remineralization if you want every chew to count? Enamio's formula layers multiple actives so each chewing session delivers a broad spectrum remineralizing gum response. Below is a closer look at the ingredients and the role each plays in keeping enamel resilient.
Nano-hydroxyapatite (20 nm)
The nano-hydroxyapatite in Enamio mirrors the mineral found in healthy enamel. The particle size (around twenty nanometers) fits directly into microscopic lattice gaps, repairing micro-pores and sealing exposed tubules that trigger tooth sensitivity. Laboratory erosion studies confirm that hydroxyapatite chewing gum or pastes can raise Vickers microhardness close to intact enamel levels after just a few treatment cycles [7]. Because these particles are already mineral, the body accepts them readily, giving fast visual gloss and smoother surfaces that resist plaque adhesion.
Calcium glycerophosphate and calcium citrate
Rebuilding crystals requires free calcium and phosphate at the tooth surface. Enamio uses calcium glycerophosphate alongside a citrate complex so ions release steadily as pH drops. Calcium donors in remineralizing systems demonstrated significant hardness rebounds in controlled studies because they dissolve during acid attacks, supplying the raw materials that nano-hydroxyapatite needs to fuse into the lattice [8]. Pairing multiple calcium salts also keeps saliva supersaturated for longer, giving the enamel more time to reharden between meals.
L-arginine bicarbonate (ADS technology)
Arginine bicarbonate powers the arginine deiminase system, shifting plaque metabolism toward alkali production. When friendly plaque species receive arginine, they release ammonia that neutralizes acid and helps maintain the critical pH window where minerals redeposit. In laboratory comparisons, arginine-based formulas delivered a 28.3 percent microhardness recovery on demineralized enamel, dramatically outperforming the control group [8]. By embedding arginine in each piece, Enamio keeps pH cycling in the safe range even when snacks sneak into the schedule.
Xylitol USP
Enamio delivers dentist-recommended doses of xylitol—enough to disrupt Streptococcus mutans without relying on synthetic sweeteners. Meta-analyses show that xylitol gums cut bacterial loads and shrink plaque indices when chewed consistently [5][6]. That microbial shift makes it harder for acidogenic species to recolonize freshly repaired enamel. Xylitol also pairs well with monk fruit in the formula, giving sweetness without the fermentable sugars that feed acid attacks.
Zinc gluconate
Low-dose zinc salts add antimicrobial balance by interfering with plaque matrix formation and slowing regrowth between chews. Controlled bench-top work shows that zinc chloride solutions deliver plaque regrowth inhibition on par with well-known mouthrinse actives [9]. Including zinc in the gum formula supports a cleaner pellicle so the minerals you deliver stay in place longer.
Magnesium citrate and bamboo silica
Stimulated saliva naturally contains magnesium, which swaps into apatite crystals to stabilize the surface. Supplemental magnesium citrate ensures that there is always a reserve ready to join the lattice once calcium and phosphate arrive [4]. Bamboo silica brings a gentle polishing action, smoothing out rough areas that would otherwise trap plaque and lactic acids. Together they keep the tooth surface glassy so remineralization outpaces demineralization over the course of the day.
Monk fruit and natural mint oils
Flavor and sweetness matter because a remineralizing routine only works if you keep chewing. Monk fruit adds clean sweetness without fermentable sugars, and natural mint oils freshen breath while offering mild antimicrobial support. The flavor profile makes it easier to reach the 5–10 minute chew window after each meal, which is essential for saliva-mediated repair [4]. A gum you enjoy chewing is a gum that keeps working.
Matcha Advantage
Enamio’s matcha extract supplies catechins that help moderate oral bacteria while delivering a gentle antioxidant lift, complementing the mineral system without staining enamel [10].
Each of these components plays a defined role, turning Enamio into a hydroxyapatite chewing gum that supplies minerals, manages pH, and keeps biofilms in check. That combination is what lets a small piece of gum rebuild strength between brushing sessions.
Myth
“Any sugar-free gum works the same.”
How to Use
Consistency matters more than intensity. What is the best gum for remineralization without a reliable routine? Build a schedule that matches your meals, snacks, and sensitivity triggers. Keep a pack with you, set reminders if needed, and treat each chew as a mini-therapy session.
Daily cadence
Chew one piece within five minutes of finishing each meal or sugary beverage. Work the gum for at least ten minutes and aim for twenty when you can for maximum saliva output [4]. That window keeps the oral environment supersaturated with calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. Spread three to four sessions throughout the day to reach 5–10 grams of xylitol, matching the dosing that reduced Streptococcus mutans and plaque indices in clinical reviews [5][6]. If you sip acidic drinks frequently, add an extra chew mid-morning or mid-afternoon to neutralize the additional exposure.
Carry a sleeve so you can start chewing within five minutes after eating, especially when you cannot brush.
Skip chewing when you sip citrus or sports drinks; the extra acid exposure makes remineralization urgent.
Think of each chew as a micro-treatment. Set a reminder on your phone or pair the habit with tossing your napkin after a meal so the session never slips your mind.
Rinse or sip water within five minutes.
Chew Enamio for 10–20 minutes to flood minerals [4].
Swallow saliva, spit gum, then polish teeth with a soft brush at the next break.
Set a gentle 15-minute timer the first week. Most people underestimate how long it takes to unlock the saliva and mineral surge that makes Enamio outperform basic sugar-free gums.
Chew window timeline
- Start chewing within 5 minutes after a meal.
- Keep going for 10–20 minutes for saliva support.
- Rinse with water and continue your day.
If you miss the window, chew anyway—just add a second session later to keep your daily xylitol dose on track.
Targeted support for high-risk moments
After a whitening session, an acidic workout gel, or a reflux flare, add an extra piece to rescue the mineral balance. If you wear aligners or retainers, remove them before chewing so gum can move freely, then reinsert after a quick water rinse. For orthodontic patients and caregivers, bookmark the instructions and tips page for reminders on how to combine gum, brushing, and water irrigators without gumming up brackets.
Use this simple cadence to make sure Enamio covers every risky moment:
Routine Builder
- Morning: Chew after breakfast and coffee so enamel starts the day fortified.
- Midday: Pack two pieces for lunch and a snack, keeping your xylitol intake near the proven 5-gram threshold [5].
- Evening: Close the day with a chew before your nightly brushing routine to leave minerals in place overnight.
Sticking within the target xylitol dose keeps results predictable and your stomach happy.
Stay within 5–10 grams of xylitol per day and introduce new chews gradually if your stomach is sensitive [6].
Spread pieces throughout the day, and if you need more chewing time, add another session rather than stacking two pieces at once.
Storage and travel
Keep gum in a cool, dry place to protect sensitive actives like nano-hydroxyapatite and monk fruit. Stash a travel case in your bag or desk drawer, and rotate sleeves monthly so ingredients stay fresh. When traveling by air, pack gum in carry-on luggage to avoid extreme temperature swings.
Monitoring progress
Track sensitivity levels, white spot lesions, or plaque accumulation during hygiene visits. Share your routine with your dental provider and ask for feedback on whether enamel appearance and gingival health improve. If you deal with dry mouth, pair gum with a nightly saliva gel or humidifier because moisture levels drop during sleep.
Routine Checklist
- ☑ Keep a sleeve of Enamio in your bag, desk, and car.
- ☑ Set a recurring reminder after meals until the habit sticks.
- ☑ Note sensitivity changes or white spots in a log to share with your clinician.
- ☑ Rotate flavors weekly so the routine stays fresh.
Check these boxes each week and the remineralization arc keeps bending in your favor.
Enamio vs Competitors
What is the best gum for remineralization when you weigh ingredient stacks? The table below compares Enamio to other popular gums so you can see how ingredient stacks differ. All information reflects publicly available ingredient disclosures as of publication.
| Brand | Base or Sweetener | Key Active(s) | Mechanism and Evidence | Practical Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nathan & Sons Underbrush | Birch xylitol blend | Xylitol, spruce resin | Leans on xylitol's documented ability to lower S. mutans counts in sugar-free gums [5]. | Forest-sourced flavor for patients who want rustic ingredients but no mineral additives. |
| Underbrush | Erythritol and birch sugar | Xylitol, calcium carbonate | Combines low-calorie polyols with trace calcium but lacks nano-hydroxyapatite for lattice repair. | Simple breath freshening option that still nudges saliva. |
| Refresh Gum | High-xylitol gum base | Xylitol, peppermint oil | Focuses on xylitol for plaque reduction but offers no arginine-driven pH buffering [6]. | Good for users building xylitol exposure slowly. |
| Simply Gum | Cane sugar, natural sap | Cane sugar, mastic | Relies on traditional gum resins; contains fermentable sugars that extend the acid window. | Appeals to users prioritizing whole-food ingredients despite cariogenic load. |
| Glee Gum | Cane sugar or xylitol line | Chicle base, xylitol (sugar-free version) | Xylitol SKUs support plaque control, but no mineral donors or nano-hydroxyapatite. | Offers nostalgic chicle chew with optional xylitol swap. |
| True Gum | Xylitol, stevia | Xylitol, calcium carbonate | Plant-based gum with moderate calcium; lacks arginine or zinc for biofilm balance. | Zero-plastic chew for eco-focused consumers. |
| Spry | 45% xylitol | Xylitol, calcium carbonate | Uses the xylitol dosage studied in caries-prevention trials but omits arginine bicarbonate and nano-hydroxyapatite [5]. | High-xylitol daily chew for patients transitioning away from sugar gum. |
| PUR | Xylitol, erythritol | Xylitol, gum arabic | Delivers xylitol and peppermint for neutral breath; no mineral or pH-specific actives. | Low-calorie sweetening without comprehensive remineralization support. |
When you compare formulas, Enamio stands out for pairing nano-hydroxyapatite with arginine buffering, calcium glycerophosphate, magnesium, zinc, and monk fruit. That combination moves beyond simple xylitol delivery, creating a complete remineralization and pH-management kit in a single piece.
Among today’s remineralizing gums, Enamio is the only one that blends nano-hydroxyapatite, calcium donors, arginine bicarbonate, zinc gluconate, matcha catechins, and clinical xylitol levels in one chew. Competitors lean on one or two pillars; Enamio brings the full stack.
Need more background on how the product came together? Explore recent research highlights in the Enamio science blog archive for ingredient sourcing details.
People Also Ask
Patients keep asking, "What is the best gum for remineralization?" These quick answers focus on the evidence so you can guide them with confidence.
Does the best gum for remineralization replace brushing?
No. A remineralizing gum boosts saliva, delivers minerals, and lowers bacterial acid load, but it works alongside brushing and interdental cleaning rather than replacing them. The ADA still recommends twice-daily brushing with fluoride toothpaste and daily interdental cleaning; chewing sugar-free gum for twenty minutes after meals is an add-on that improves outcomes [4].
How much xylitol should I get from a remineralizing gum?
What is the best gum for remineralization for dosing xylitol? It supplies 5–10 grams per day divided into three or four chewing sessions. Clinical reviews show that xylitol gums reduce Streptococcus mutans counts and plaque accumulation when the total daily intake stays in that range [5][6]. Spreading the dose keeps xylitol levels steady while minimizing the risk of digestive upset.
Can nano-hydroxyapatite gum help with tooth sensitivity?
Yes. What is the best gum for remineralization to calm sensitivity? It uses nano-hydroxyapatite particles to reseal dentinal tubules and restore the smooth enamel surface that protects nerves. In controlled erosion studies, hydroxyapatite treatments restored microhardness to values statistically similar to sound enamel, indicating meaningful structure repair [7]. Pairing the gum with gentle brushing compounds the relief.
Is fluoride-free gum enough for enamel repair?
It can be, provided the gum delivers minerals and pH buffers. What is the best gum for remineralization in fluoride-free routines? It layers nano-hydroxyapatite with ion donors to match enamel demand. Enamio is a fluoride free gum that still provides nano-hydroxyapatite, calcium donors, arginine bicarbonate, and zinc, all of which support remineralization and biofilm control. You can use it alongside fluoride toothpaste or as a mineral-focused supplement if you prefer fluoride alternatives.
What if I have dry mouth or take medications that reduce saliva?
What is the best gum for remineralization when medications dry out the mouth? It stimulates saliva while supplying minerals the glands may not release in sufficient amounts. Chew immediately after meals, increase water intake, and consider pairing gum with nighttime saliva substitutes. Work with your healthcare provider to manage underlying causes while maintaining the chewing routine.
How long should I chew the best gum for remineralization after meals?
What is the best gum for remineralization when timing matters? Chew it for at least ten minutes and aim for twenty when possible. Research summarized by the ADA shows that a twenty-minute chewing window after eating maximizes saliva flow, buffering acids and carrying minerals such as calcium and phosphate back to the enamel surface [4]. If you cannot reach twenty minutes, stay above ten to give the ingredients time to work.
FAQs
Still wondering what is the best gum for remineralization in specific scenarios? These quick answers cover the edge cases we hear most.
Is this remineralizing gum safe for kids?
Can I chew a remineralizing gum with braces or aligners?
Should I still use fluoride toothpaste?
What happens if I swallow the gum?
How do I order refills or bulk packs?
Ready to build your routine
What is the best gum for remineralization when you want fast, portable support? Choose the one that brings minerals, buffering, and microbial balance in every chew.
“I send patients home with Enamio because it is the only gum that pairs nano-hydroxyapatite, arginine, and zinc in the doses we see in clinical research.”
— Enamio Science Review Team
Each piece delivers nano-hydroxyapatite, calcium glycerophosphate, magnesium citrate, L-arginine bicarbonate, zinc, bamboo silica, and xylitol to keep enamel strong between meals.
- 5–10 grams of xylitol per day when you chew three to four pieces [5].
- Nano-hydroxyapatite and calcium donors plug micro-pores and reinforce the crystal lattice [7].
- Arginine bicarbonate and zinc help keep plaque pH in the safe zone [8][9].
Questions about orders or subscriptions? Reach out via the contact page and bookmark the shipping policy for delivery updates.
Reading Next
- What Is the Best Remineralizing Gum? — Dive deeper into formulation choices and how Enamio compares in independent lab testing.
- Remineralizing Gum Instructions & Tips — Bookmark chew schedules, storage tips, and pairing suggestions for appliances.
Educational only; not medical advice.
References
- World Health Organization. Oral health. Updated 2025. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/oral-health
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) in Adults (Ages 20 to 64 Years). Last reviewed November 2022. https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/dental-caries/adults
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Periodontal Disease in Adults (Age 30 or Older). Last reviewed August 2021. https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/periodontal-disease/adults
- American Dental Association. Chewing Gum. Last updated May 4, 2023. https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/chewing-gum
- Nasseripour M, Newton JT, Warburton F, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of sugar-free chewing gum on Streptococcus mutans. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21:217. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8082871/
- Fatahi S, et al. Effects of xylitol-laced sweets on the accumulation of dental plaque: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Dental Journal. 2025;75(4):471-483. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12269386/
- Kim H, et al. Remineralization of eroded enamel for improved orthodontic bracket bonding: An in vitro study. Korean Journal of Orthodontics. 2025;55(4):244-255. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12301418/
- Saxena V, et al. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of self-assembling peptide (P11-4), bioactive glass, and arginine bicarbonate remineralizing agents on simulated carious lesion. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences. 2024;16(Suppl 2):S415-S421. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11805044/
- Franklin S, et al. Glycolysis and automated plaque regrowth method for evaluation of antimicrobial performance. Dentistry Journal. 2024;12(5):146. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11119774/
- Liu Y, Wu Z. Biomineralization of dental tissues with natural drugs: a comprehensive review. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2025 Jul 15;37(4-6):29. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12263532/
